The directional valve, as an indispensable control component in hydraulic and pneumatic systems, works based on the displacement of the valve core to change the direction of the fluid channel, thereby achieving the switching of fluid flow direction. In short, a directional valve controls the movement of the valve core to allow fluid to flow along a predetermined path or stop flowing.

The core components of a directional valve are the valve core and valve body. There are multiple channels designed inside the valve body, which are interconnected or separated at different positions of the valve core, forming different fluid paths. When external control signals (such as electromagnetic force, mechanical force, or manual operation) act on the valve core, the valve core will overcome spring force or other resistance and move to a new position inside the valve body.

As the valve core moves, the originally blocked channels may be opened up, and the originally connected channels may be blocked, thereby changing the flow direction of the fluid. For example, in hydraulic systems, directional valves can control the flow of hydraulic oil to different actuators (such as hydraulic cylinders or hydraulic motors) to achieve reciprocating motion or steering of mechanical devices.

The working principle of directional valves is simple and efficient, and they are widely used in various fields such as industrial automation, mechanical processing, aerospace, agricultural machinery, etc. By precisely controlling the timing and duration of the directional valve, precise adjustment of fluid flow rate, pressure, and direction can be achieved, ensuring stable and efficient operation of the entire system. Meanwhile, with the advancement of technology, modern directional valves have also incorporated advanced technologies such as electronic control and intelligent sensing, further improving their performance and reliability.